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Reflected Fluxes for Broken Clouds over a Lambertian Surface
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Reflected fluxes are calculated for broken cloudiness (i.e., nonplane parallel) as a function of cloud cover, cloud optical depth, solar zenith angle and surface albedo. These calculations extend previous results for broken ...
Parameterizing Grid-Averaged Longwave Fluxes for Inhomogeneous Marine Boundary Layer Clouds
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: This paper examines the relative impacts on grid-averaged longwave flux transmittance (emittance) for marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud fields arising from horizontal variability of optical depth τ and cloud sides. First, ...
The Stratocumulus Nature of Fog
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM) digital data are used to remotely sense fog properties. These include fog cell size distribution, cell aspect ratio (the ratio of the length of the major and ...
Cumulus Cloud Properties Derived Using Landsat Satellite Data
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) digital data are used to remotely sense cumulus cloud properties such as cloud fraction and cloud reflectance, along with the distribution of cloud number and cloud fraction as a function ...
Cirrus Cloud Retrieval Using Infrared Sounding Data: Multilevel Cloud Errors
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: In this study we perform an error analysis for cloud-top pressure retrieval using the High-Resolution Infrared Radiometric Sounder (HIRS/2) 15-µm CO2 channels for the two-layer case of transmissive cirrus overlying an ...
Cloud Identification for ERBE Radiative Flux Retrieval
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Derivation of top of atmosphere radiative fluxes requires the use of measured satellite radiances and assumptions about the anisotropy of the Earth's radiation field. The primary modification of the Earth's anisotropy is ...
Cloud Retrieval Using Infrared Sounder Data: Error Analysis
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: An error analysis is presented for cloud-top pressure and cloud-amount retrieval using infrared sounder data. Rms and bias errors are determined for instrument noise (typical of the HIRS-2 instrument on TIROS-N) and for ...
Testing Energy Balance Climate Models
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Adopting procedures often applied to model the earth's climate, we use zonal fields from the control run of a general circulation climate model (GCM) (Wetherald and Manabe, 1975) to construct parameterizations of the energy ...
Measurements, Models, and Hypotheses in the Atmospheric Sciences
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Measurements in atmospheric science sometimes determine universal functions, but more commonly data are collected in the form of case studies. Models are conceptual constructs that can be used to make predictions about the ...
Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part IV: Boundary Layer Cloud Objects during 1998 El Niño
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Three boundary layer cloud object types?overcast, stratocumulus, and cumulus?that occurred over the Pacific Ocean during January?August 1998 are identified from the Clouds and the Earth?s Radiant Energy System (CERES) ...